Uburyo bwo kubara ikiguzi cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu gihe utumiza amatara y'imigozi mu Bushinwa

Gutumiza mu mahangaamatara y'imigoziuturutse mu Bushinwa bishobora kuba bihendutse cyane, arikoibiciro byo kohereza ibicuruzwa bikunze gutera urujijo ku baguzi bato n'abaciriritse.Ibintu byo gutwara imizigo si igiciro kimwe gihoraho — ni ingaruka z'ibintu byinshi bikorana, harimo uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa, Incoterms, ingano y'imizigo, n'amafaranga yo kujyayo.

Muri iyi nyandiko, turasesengurauburyo ikiguzi cyo kohereza amatara y'imigozi kibarwa, amafaranga ugomba kwitega, n'uburyo bwo kwirinda imitego isanzwe y'ibiciro - byanditswe by'umwihariko kuibigo byigenga, abacuruzi benshi, n'abacuruzi ba Amazon.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Ikiguzi cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa giterwa nauburyo bwo gutwara imizigo, Incoterms, uburemere, ingano, n'amafaranga yo kujyayo
• Imitwaro yo mu mazibihendutse ku bicuruzwa byinshi;gutwara ibintu mu kirereni vuba ku bicuruzwa byihutirwa cyangwa bito
• Uburemere bw'ingano (ingano) akenshi buruta uburemere nyabwo bw'amatara y'imigozi
• Saba buri giheamagambo yose arimokugira ngo hirindwe ibirego byihishe

 

1. Hitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa: Ubwikorezi mu kirere ugereranije n'ubwo mu mazi

Icyemezo cya mbere cy'ikiguzi ni uburyo wohereza amatara yawe y'imigozi.

Imizigo yo mu mazi (Iyiza ku bicuruzwa byinshi)

Gutwara imizigo mu mazi ni bwo buryo buhendutse cyane ku matara y'imigozi ya LED yoherezwa mu buryo buri hagati kugeza ku bunini.

Amasaha asanzwe yo gutwara abantu:

• Ubushinwa → Inkombe y'Iburengerazuba bwa Amerika: iminsi 15–20
• Ubushinwa → Inkombe y'Iburasirazuba ya Amerika: iminsi 25–35
• Ubushinwa → Uburayi: iminsi 25–45

Ibyiza kuri:

• Umubare munini
• Igiciro cyo kohereza kiri hasi kuri buri gikoresho
• Kuvugurura ububiko budakenewe byihutirwa

Imodoka zitwara imizigo n'indege zitwara abantu mu buryo bwa Express (Ni nziza ku muvuduko)

Serivisi zo gutwara ibintu mu kirere no gutwara ibintu mu buryo bwa "Speed" (DHL, FedEx, UPS) zitanga serivisi zo kohereza ibintu mu buryo bwihuse ku giciro cyo hejuru.

Amasaha asanzwe yo gutwara abantu:

• Gutwara ibintu mu kirere: iminsi 5–10
• Itangazo rihita: iminsi 3–7

Ibyiza kuri:

• Ingero cyangwa amabwiriza y'igeragezwa
• Ibicuruzwa bito kandi bifite agaciro kanini
• Gusubiza ibintu mu buryo bwihutirwa kuri Amazon

Inama: Abaguzi benshi bakoresha ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere ku nshuro ya mbere, hanyuma bagahindura ibicuruzwa byo mu mazi igihe ibicuruzwa bizaba bihagaze neza.

2. Sobanukirwa na Incoterms: Ni nde wishyura iki?

Incoterms isobanuraigabanywa ry'ikiguzi n'inshinganohagati y'umuguzi n'umutanga. Guhitamo ijambo rikwiye bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku giciro cyose cy'ubutaka bwawe.

Incoterms zisanzwe zo kwinjizwa mu mahanga mu byuma bikoresha imigozi

• EXW (Ex Works): Umuguzi yishyura hafi ya byose — igiciro gito cyane cy'ibicuruzwa, ariko ni ikibazo gikomeye cyane mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho
• FOB (Ku buntu mu ndege)Umucuruzi yishyura ikiguzi cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga; umuguzi agenzura kohereza ibintu mu buryo bw'ibanze
• CIF (Ikiguzi, Ubwishingizi n'Ubwikorezi)Umucuruzi ategura ibicuruzwa byo mu mazi; umuguzi akemura ikiguzi cyo kujyayo
• DAP (Yatanzwe aho hantu)Ibicuruzwa bigejejwe aho utuye, hatarimo imisoro ku bicuruzwa biva mu gihugu
• DDP (Umusoro Watanzwe)Umucuruzi atunganya byose — igiciro cyoroshye ariko gisanzwe kiri hejuru.

Ku bashoramari benshi bato batumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, FOB itanga uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura ibiciro no gukorera mu mucyo.

3. Uburemere, Ubunini n'Uburemere bw'Ibipimo (By'ingenzi cyane)

Amasosiyete yo gutwara ibintu yishyuza hashingiwe kuuburemere nyabwo cyangwa uburemere buhanitse.

Uburyo uburemere bw'ibipimo bubarwa

Kubera ko amatara y'imigozi akunze kubanini ariko yoroheje, uburemere busanzwe butuma ikiguzi gikwirakwira.

Urugero:

• Uburemere nyabwo: 10 kg
• Ingano y'agakarito: 50 × 50 × 50 cm
• Uburemere bw'ingano: ~ 21 kg

Uzishyuzwa amafaranga kuriibiro 21, ntabwo ari ibiro 10.

Gukoresha neza ingano y'agakarito n'uburyo bwo gupakira bishobora kugabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo gutwara imizigo.

4. Isesengura ry'ibice by'ikiguzi cyo kohereza

Amafaranga yo kohereza ibicuruzwa akubiyemo ibirenze ibyo gutwara ibintu mu mazi cyangwa mu kirere gusa.

Amafaranga y'inkomoko (uruhande rw'Ubushinwa)

• Uruganda → ubwikorezi bw'icyambu
• Kwemererwa gutumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga
• Amafaranga yo gucunga terminal
• Amafaranga y'inyandiko

Amafaranga y'ingenzi yo gutwara imizigo

• Imizigo yo mu nyanja cyangwa mu kirere
• Inyongera ku mafaranga akoreshwa muri lisansi (BAF, LSS, Inyongera ku mafaranga akoreshwa mu kirere)
• Amafaranga y'inyongera ku gihembwe cy'impeshyi
• Ubwiyongere rusange bw'igipimo (GRI)

Amafaranga yo kujya aho ushaka

• Inguzanyo ku gasutamo
• Amafaranga yo gucunga terminal
• Gupakurura ibintu ku cyambu cyangwa ku kibuga cy'indege
• Gutanga ibicuruzwa mu bubiko bw'inzu
• Kubika, guhagarika ibikorwa, cyangwa gufunga (niba byatinze)

Imisoro ku misoro n'amahoro ku bicuruzwa byinjira mu gihugu

• Hashingiwe ku gushyira mu byiciro kode ya HS
• Igipimo cy'umusoro ku bicuruzwa biva mu gihugu kiratandukanye bitewe n'igihugu
• TVA / GST ibarwa ku bicuruzwa + imizigo + umusoro

 Kode za HS zitari zo cyangwa kudahabwa agaciro gakwiye bishobora gutera gutinda no guhanwa.

5. Uburyo bwo kubona ibiciro by'ubwikorezi nyakuri

Tanga ibisobanuro byuzuye by'ibicuruzwa

• Izina ry'igicuruzwa n'ibikoresho byacyo
• Kode ya HS
• Ingano n'uburemere bw'ikarito
• Ingano yose

Emeza Incoterms na Aderesi yo kohereza

Buri gihe vuga neza uti:

• Kohereza Incoterm (FOB, CIF, DDP, nibindi)
• Aderesi ya nyuma yo kugeza ibicuruzwa (ububiko, Amazon FBA, 3PL)

Gereranya Ibyuma Binini Bitwara Imizigo

Ntugahitemo ushingiye ku giciro gusa. Suzuma:

• Gushyira ahagaragara ibiciro
• Ubunararibonye mu byoherezwa mu mahanga n'Ubushinwa
• Umuvuduko w'itumanaho
• Ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana

Saba amagambo yose akubiyemo

Ubusabeibiciro by'umuryango kuva ku muryango kugeza ku wundiibyo birimo:

• Imizigo
• Kwemererwa kugurisha gasutamo
• Inyongera ku mafaranga akoreshwa muri lisansi
• Gutanga serivisi zo mu gace utuyemo
• Ubwishingizi (niba bikenewe)

Ibi birinda amafaranga atunguranye nyuma.

Ibitekerezo bya nyuma

Kubara ikiguzi cyo kohereza amatara y'imigozi aturuka mu Bushinwa bisaba gusobanukirwauburyo bwo gutwara imizigo, Incoterms, uburemere bw'ibipimo, n'amafaranga ahisheUkoresheje imyiteguro ikwiye, ushobora kumenya neza ikiguzi cy'ubutaka bwawe kandi ukirinda ibintu bitunguranye.

Niba ushaka amatara ya LED kandi ukaba ushakaamahitamo yo kohereza asobanutse neza, ingano y'ibicuruzwa byo gutumiza ibiciro bisobanutse neza, n'ibiciro bisobanutse nezaGukorana n'umutanga serivisi w'inararibonye bishobora koroshya cyane igikorwa.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni gute nagabanya ikiguzi cyo kohereza amatara y'imigozi ava mu Bushinwa?
Kunoza uburyo bwo gupakira, wohereze ingano nini mu nyanja, hitamo amagambo ya FOB, kandi ugereranye ibiciro byinshi by'abatanga ibicuruzwa.

Ni iyihe Incoterm ibereye abatangira?
FOB niyo nziza mu kugenzura ikiguzi; DDP niyo yoroshye niba ukunda koroshya ibintu.

Kuki uburemere bw'ibipimo ari ingenzi ku matara ya LED y'imigozi?
Kubera ko amatara y'imigozi ari manini, abatwara ibikoresho bakunze kwishyuza amafaranga bitewe n'ingano y'ibikoresho aho kuba uburemere nyabwo, bigatuma ikiguzi kiyongera iyo ibyo bapakira bidakora neza.