LED gakondo yahinduye urwego rw'urumuri n'iyerekana bitewe n'imikorere yayo myiza mu bijyanye n'imikorere myiza, ubudahangarwa n'ingano y'ibikoresho. LED akenshi ni uduce duto twa filime ntoya za semiconductor zifite ingano ya milimetero ku ruhande, nto cyane ugereranyije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe nka amatara ya incandescent na tube za cathode. Ariko, porogaramu zigezweho za optoelectronic, nka virtual na augmented reality, zisaba LED zingana na mikoroni cyangwa munsi yazo. Icyifuzo ni uko LED (µleds) zikomeje kugira byinshi byiza nk'ibyo LED gakondo zisanzwe zifite, nko kohereza umuriro udahindagurika, gukora neza no kubona urumuri rwinshi, gukoresha ingufu nke cyane, no kohereza umuriro wuzuye, mu gihe ziba nke incuro miliyoni, bigatuma habaho ecran nto. Utwo duce twa LED dushobora kandi gutegurira inzira ibyuma bitanga urumuri bikomeye niba bishobora guhingwa kuri single-chip kuri Si kandi bigahuzwa n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bya electronics bya oxide semiconductor (CMOS).
Ariko, kugeza ubu, µleds nk'izo ntizikigaragara, cyane cyane mu gice cy'umuraba w'icyatsi kibisi kugeza ku mutuku. Uburyo busanzwe bwa led µ-led ni inzira ikoreshwa mu gukura hejuru aho filime za InGaN quantum well (QW) zishyirwa mu bikoresho bito binyuze mu buryo bwo gushushanya. Mu gihe µleds za InGaN QW-thin-film zakuruye abantu benshi bitewe n'imiterere myiza ya InGaN, nko gutwara neza no guhindura uburebure bw'umuraba mu buryo bugaragara, kugeza ubu zagiye zihura n'ibibazo nko kwangirika kw'urukuta rw'uruhande birushaho kwiyongera uko ingano y'igikoresho igenda igabanuka. Byongeye kandi, bitewe n'aho hari amashami ya polarization, zifite uburebure bw'umuraba/amabara adahindagurika. Kuri iki kibazo, hatanzwe ibisubizo bya InGaN na crystal cavity bitari polar na semi-polar, ariko ntabwo bishimishije kuri ubu.
Mu nyandiko nshya yasohotse muri Light Science and Applications, abashakashatsi bayobowe na Zetian Mi, umwarimu muri Kaminuza ya Michigan, Annabel, bakoze LED y'icyatsi kibisi ya submicron iii - nitride itsinda izi mbogamizi burundu. Izi µleds zakozwe na plasma-assisted molekile epitaxy. Bitandukanye cyane n'uburyo busanzwe bwo kuva hejuru kugeza hasi, µled hano igizwe n'insinga za nano, buri imwe ifite umurambararo wa nanometero 100 kugeza kuri 200 gusa, zitandukanyijwe na nanometero icumi. Ubu buryo bwo kuva hasi uzamuka mu buryo bw'ibanze burinda kwangirika kwangirika k'urukuta rw'impande.
Igice cy’igikoresho gitanga urumuri, kizwi kandi nka akarere gakora, kigizwe n’imiterere ya quantum nyinshi (MQW) irangwa n’imiterere ya nanowire. By’umwihariko, MQW igizwe n’icyayi cya InGaN n’urukuta rwa AlGaN. Bitewe n’itandukaniro mu kwimuka kwa atome z’itsinda rya III indium, gallium na aluminiyumu ku nkuta zo ku ruhande, twasanze indium itari ku nkuta zo ku ruhande rw’insinga, aho igishishwa cya GaN/AlGaN cyapfundikiye igice cya MQW nk’umunyururu. Abashakashatsi basanze ingano ya Al muri iki gishishwa cya GaN/AlGaN yagabanutse buhoro buhoro kuva ku ruhande rw’insinga za nanowires kugeza ku ruhande rw’insinga. Bitewe n’itandukaniro riri mu bice by’imbere bya GaN na AlN, ingano nk’iyo y’ingano ya Al mu gice cya AlGaN itera electron zigenga, zoroshye kwinjira mu gice cya MQW kandi zikagabanya ibara rihindagurika binyuze mu kugabanya igice cy’insinga za polarization.
Mu by’ukuri, abashakashatsi basanze ku bikoresho biri munsi ya mikoroni imwe y’umurambararo, uburebure bw’umurambararo wa electroluminescence, cyangwa urumuri ruturuka ku muyaga, bugumaho ku rugero rw’impinduka mu ishyirwa ry’amashanyarazi. Byongeye kandi, itsinda rya Porofeseri Mi ryateguye mbere uburyo bwo guhinga irangi rya GaN ryiza cyane kuri silicon kugira ngo rikuremo nanowire leds kuri silicon. Bityo, µled iba ku gice cya Si cyiteguye guhuzwa n’ibindi bikoresho bya elegitoroniki bya CMOS.
Iyi µled ifite porogaramu nyinshi zishobora gukoreshwa. Urubuga rw'ibikoresho ruzarushaho gukomera uko uburebure bw'umurambararo w'ikimenyetso cya RGB kiri kuri chip bugenda bukura bugahinduka umutuku.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 10-2023